PHYTOMANIA : MEDICINAL HERBS
GINKGO BILOBA
 
medicinal herbs and plants : ginkgo biloba
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Common name: ginkgo, maidenhair

Description: Tall slow growing tree, considered as a living fossil(200 to 300 millions years), very resistant to environmental conditions, with distinctive and caracteristic fan shaped leaves which are bright green in spring and transparent yellow in the fall. Male and female tree are distinct

Parts used: green leaves

Constituents: the active parts are 20 to 25% flavonoids(quercetin and kaempferof) and above all 5 to 7% terpene lactones (ginkgolide and bilobalide). Possible presence of a small amount of the allergenic ginkgolic acid

Actions: anti-inflammatory (antiradicalar, inhibition of the platelet aggregation), increase in the oxygenation of the brain cortex at a cellular level

Main indications: cerebral insufficiency (old age, dementia, vascular problems, surgery, vertigo, ear buzzing), vascular insufficiency (peripheral arteritis(intermittent claudication), varicose veins, hemorrhoids)

Contra indications: rare cases of stomach upset and allergic reaction

Drug: standardized extract, tincture


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GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA
 
Family: Fabaceae
Common name: licorice, liquorice

Description: small perennial plant shrublike, native of the mediterranean region but now found in many temperate regions. There are also other useful species of Glycyrrhiza in Asia

Parts used: root

Constituents: flavonoids, coumarins, glycosides and 5 to 20% of glycyrrhizine

Actions: glycyrrhizine (sweetening agent 50 to 200 times sucrose), whole root extract : anti-inflammatory, expectorant, protection of the digestive mucosa

Main indications: food and beverage industry, sweetening agent; acute and chronic bronchitis, cough; various digestive disorders (gastritis, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome)

Contra indications: large dose of glycyrrhizine(1 gr a day) over a long period of time may induce a pseudo primary hyperaldosteronism with: high blood pressure, peripheric oedema, and heart arythmia plus muscular cramps

Drug: root extract, glycyrrhizine


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MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA
 
herbal medicine : melaleuca, tea tree, paperback tree
Family: Myrtaceae
Common name: paperbark tree, tea tree, melaleuca

Description: australasian tree up to 20 meters, generally smaller, evergreen, with exfoliating bark, mostly found near wet areas but able to sustain drough

Parts used: leaves

Constituents: essential oil with main active terpens : terpinen-4-ol 30-40%, terpinen 10-30%, eucalyptol=1-8 cineol 10-20%

Actions: antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial

Main indications: external use : skin infections(acne, furuncles, warts), fungal infections( nail, athlete's foot, ringworm, leucorrhoea), scabies.
internal use : not recommended

Contra indications: pregnant and lactating women, allergy to eucalyptus and myrtaceae in general

Drug: essential oil




Copyright 2005 Jean-Michel Hurtel
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